Only moderate deal load tensions are necessary. 只需要有少許恒載張力。
To evaluate fracture instability, the total sum of stresses due to residual welding or rolling stresses, dead load, and live loads must be considered. 計算斷裂失穩性時(shí),必須考慮焊接或軋制殘余應力,恒載應力和活載應力之總和。