Sealed bidding provides a clear, and definitive commitment, with no space for trade-off, particularly about non-price-related factors used to evaluate responsiveness of bids. 密封投標做出了清晰明確的承諾,沒(méi)有討價(jià)還價(jià)的余地,尤其是對于用于評估標書(shū)的非價(jià)格相關(guān)因素。