In the planned system, external management of the university was often passive, focusing on maintaining an accordant relationship with superior educational authorities. 在計劃體制下,大學(xué)經(jīng)營(yíng)所采取的是被動(dòng)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式,重在與政府主管部門(mén)建立融洽的關(guān)系。