The author offers various bases of criminal legislation on the offence of refusing in testimony and further analyses four factors constituting the offence of refusing in testimony. 作者為拒證行為的刑事立法提供了參考的依據，并在此基礎上，探析了拒證罪應具備的四個(gè)犯罪構成要件。
This paper attempts to make a thorough and throretiacal research into the criminal offence of medical malpractice by a carful study of the four key elements of criminal action. 筆者嘗試從刑法犯罪構成的四要素對醫療事故罪刑進(jìn)行深入的理論的探討。
