by now的用法和樣例：
例句
- He loathed them by now with the particular venom.
到如今見(jiàn)了他們，他感到無(wú)比厭惡。 - You've been chewing on this affair now a long time.
你到如今已經(jīng)考慮這事好久啦。 - By now optimism had given way to doubt.
至此，人們不再樂(lè )觀(guān)，反而疑慮重重。 - The task forces now shot forward in all directions.
至此，各方面的工作小組都迅速成立了起來(lái)。
