The results indicate that in the two-dimensional case U(1) symmetry is not broken but in the three-dimensional case a clear evidence of spontaneous breaking of the U(1) symmetry is observed in the weak coupling region.

 
  • 結果表明;對二維情況不存在U(1)對稱(chēng)性的自發(fā)破缺;對三維情況;在弱耦合區看到了明顯的U(1)對稱(chēng)性的自發(fā)破缺.
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