For the contractor , a bid estimate submitted to the owner either for competitive bidding or negotiation consists of direct construction cost including field supervision , plus a markup to cover general overhead and profits.

 
  • ?建筑成本估算要求的精確程度在項目發(fā)展的不同階段發(fā)生著(zhù)變化,從早期的相近數字到施工前預算控制時(shí)相當準確的是數字。
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